What town depts will cut back (and by how much)?

It’s budget-creating season at Hartford town hall! Budgets that department heads submitted to the town manager, who altered slightly and submitted to us on the selectboard, were ideal budgets that would have resulted in an 11% overall budget increase. We couldn’t have that, so we asked the department heads to make cuts. The cuts that came from that effort paint a picture of the priorities of the folks who prepared this budget. What efforts by the town are being asked to sacrifice the most, or the least? Are they your priorities? Let’s find out!

I broke down the cuts presented to the board this week into percentages of the overall department expenditure these cuts would come out of. I say department “expenditure” and not “budget” because I have also attempted to factor in revenues that departments produce on their own. So the percentage cuts I list below (that is, PROPOSED percentage cuts) for each department more closely reflect what taxpayers are paying to fund that department—not just the budget of the department.

As you’ll see below, I found the Department of Public Works is bearing the brunt of the cuts with 17%. The IT department and Parks and Rec follow. Granted, a good chunk of DPW’s cuts is due to moving a large truck purchase from its budget into a proposal for using funds Hartford has collected over the years in a “local option tax” (LOT) account. (The proposal on the table, which will go to voters, is for some of this to fund vehicles for PD, FD, DPW, and Parks.)

If we remove LOT-funded vehicles from the equation, DPW would be asked to cut in the neighborhood of 11% while police would be cutting 0% (since its cuts would be entirely covered by the LOT). This 11% cut would largely come from the paving budget. I work with paving contractors like BlakTop often in my day job; they are ready to take Hartford’s contracts, should we budget for them.

But let’s talk just straight percentages, i.e., not disregarding vehicles to be funded with LOT. Parks and Rec would face a 9.46% cut compared to the PD’s 2.28%. Planning and zoning, the driving force behind the 300+ housing units built here in the last year, would face a 3.68% cut.

I will say that whenever election season rolls around, voters seem to shout from the rooftops that they want us to focus on the physical infrastructure of the town. As you may know, DPW oversees that. Many of these voters might like to see the police budget cut before DPW’s. I would count myself among them.

Here are the data for the cuts. I show my work for it on my website, brandonsmith.com. As always, this has been my personal opinion; I’m not speaking for the town or the board as a whole.

– Boards and commissions: 14.25% cut (relatively small budget)

– Town Manager’s Office: 28.37% cut, primarily due to the exclusion of funding a new facilities manager position next year

– Town Clerk: 1.53% of its cost as a proposed cut. That said, most of this department’s work we are obligated by state law to fund.

– Financial management: 0.43% cut (relatively small budget)

– Assessor’s office: 1.29% cut (relatively small budget)

– IT Department: 15.61% cut

– Police Department: 2.28% cut (100% of which would be restored if voters approve spending local option tax proceeds on vehicles)

– Fire Department: 5.27% cut

– Department of Public Works: 17.70% cut

– Community Health: 60.48% cut. (This seems to be because we are spreading out the cost to town funds outside the general fund, not because we are eliminating the position.)

– General Appropriated Services: 74.60% of its cost as a proposed cut. This is due to our assumption that, until we receive petitions, we are not funding Advance Transit (to whom we grant ~$98K/yr), nor Hartford Historical Society (to whom we grant ~$10K/yr). In my opinion we should assume both these worthy organizations will receive enough petitions to restore their funding, and plan for these expenses.

– Parks and Recreation: 9.46% cut

– Planning and zoning: 3.68% cut (relatively small budget)

Showing the work below. Please pardon the formatting, which isn’t entirely consistent throughout; it was more of a “note pad” for me, but hopefully still legible as a way to check my data.

  • Boards and commissions (Dept 115): $7,876.83 out of $55,276, or 14.25% of its cost as a proposed cut.
  • Town Manager’s Office (Dept 121): $210,547.28 out of $742,047.64, or 28.37% of its cost as a proposed cut, primarily due to the exclusion of funding a new facilities manager position next year.
  • Town Clerk (Two budget departments): $1,100 plus $2,750 (subtotal $3850) out of budgets that have $26,671.00 plus $340,782.41, (subtotal $367,453.41 offset by $98,000 of fees and $17,700 of permits and licenses is $251,753.41 it costs us to run the department), or 1.53% of its cost as a proposed cut. That said, most of this department’s work we are obligated by state law to fund.
  • Financial management (Dept 171): $2,000 out of ($476,633.02 minus $8,627 in fees collected is $468,006.02 cost to run the department), or 0.43% of its cost as a proposed cut.
  • Assessor’s office (Dept 174): $3,950 out of $307,008.00, or 1.29% of its cost as a proposed cut.
  • IT (Dept 181): $78,707.48 out of $504,073.50, or 15.61% of its cost as a proposed cut.
  • Police Department (Dept 211): $95,000 out of $4,298,641.34, minus revenues of 110,000; 5,000; 6,500; 5,500; 9,000; 1,000, with a subtotal of $4,161,641 cost of the department, means 2.28% of PD’s cost to taxpayers as a proposed cut.
  • Fire Department (Dept 221): $114,001 plus $114,494 that they’re declining to transfer to reserve accounts for future truck needs (subtotal $228,495) out of ($5,270,175.26 minus revenues of 40,000, 100, 160,000, 2,000, 700,000, 35,000, 50 for a cost to run the FD of $4,333,025.26), or 5.27% of the cost to run the FD as a proposed cut.
  • Department of Public Works (Many budget departments): $300,000 plus $50,000 plus $280,000 (Subtotal $630,000 of cuts) out of budget departments with budgets of $1,671,576.85; $879,501.96; $78,000; $52,000; $22,500; $591,000, and $264,043.68. (Subtotal DPW budget of $3,558,622.49, with negligible revenues.) That’s 17.70% of DPW’s cost as a proposed cut.
  • Community Health (Dept 412): $51,977 out of $85,947, or 60.48% of its cost as a proposed cut. (This seems to be because we are spreading out the cost to other funds, not because we are eliminating the position.)
  • General Appropriated Services (Dept 425): $108,096 out of $144,896, or 74.60% of its cost as a proposed cut.. This is due to our assumption, until we receive petitions for this funding, that we are not funding Advance Transit (to whom we grant about $98K/yr every year), nor Hartford Historical Society (to whom we grant about $10K/yr every year). In my opinion we should assume both these worthy organizations will receive enough petitions to restore their funding, and plan for these expenses, rather than assume they won’t receive enough signatures.
  • Parks and Recreation (Many budget departments): $40,040.63 plus 2,421.03 plus 111.40 plus 75,000 plus 27,000 (subtotal proposed cuts $144,573.06), cut from budgets of $368,538.56 plus 125,684.03 plus 508,979.34 plus 7,962.50 plus 63,275 plus 400,823.82 plus 13,800 plus 104,352.56 plus 100,520.00 plus 371,565.83 plus 28,938.07. (Subtotal parks & rec budget $2,094,439.71, less revenues of 35,000; 2,000; 275,000; 15,000; 10,500; 75,000; 105,000; 25,000; 500; 7,000; 14,000; 2,000, totals cost to run parks & rec of $1,528,439.) That’s 9.46% of Parks & Rec’s cost as a proposed cut.
  • Planning and zoning (Many budget departments): $11,065 plus $7,500 (subtotal $18,565) out of budgets of 511,782 plus 15,500 plus 500 plus 8,265 (subtotal $536,047, less revenues of 17,000; 2,000; 10,000; 1,200; 890, totaling cost to run dept of $504,957), or 3.68% of planning & zoning’s cost as a proposed cut.

*This doesn’t account for cuts that will become proposals to voters to approve spending money we’ve been collecting from the local option tax. This may or may not get approved by voters, but at any rate, all large departments have asks in there so trying to factor this in helps less when trying to compare departments.
**Some departments have negligible extraneous budget departments they oversee. I generally didn’t include these in calculations.

Inflation and town taxes

I’ve been seeing some healthy discussion about town taxes on the listserv. So I’m sharing a few thoughts of my own. This is the whole post, without the daily-repeated disclaimers: “I’m a town board member, but cannot (& don’t here) claim to speak for Town Hall.” I very much appreciate hearing your perspectives on it, so feel free to write me.

First, some background. Just prior to the recent meeting where the board approved a tax increase, relevant town staff had gotten together—an annual practice—and come up with how much we would need to increase the tax rate to fund the town budget that was approved by voters this spring. That’s Hartford’s process.

Property taxes apparently needed to go up 7.53% to meet this budget. I joined the board too late to help craft it, but as I understand, services weren’t really expanded; just kind of held where they were. And yet, 7% is a big deal. My rent will likely be going up; a lot of folks have it a lot harder.

Inflation is the outsized culprit. An aside: a peer-reviewed study found that 50% of covid-era inflation was due to corporate price-gouging. Big companies using the fact that folks are discussing inflation as “cover” to pad profits more than their costs are rising. Historically, this study claims, only about 10% of inflation is from obvious price-gouging. So we saw a five-fold increase in big business ripping people off during this vulnerable time. Yet another reason to buy locally-produced goods if possible. But I digress.

I brought up inflation during the board meeting that featured tax rates. I had done some “napkin math”; I’ll share it here too. The treasurer had provided us town tax rates for the last six years. I compared these to inflation in the years that informed them. As you’ll see, inflation—increases in cost of goods/services—and increases in rate of tax match up pretty well until the Covid price-gouging era. Starting at that point, it seems like the town tries to absorb the inflationary blows for its residents by keeping tax increases lower than inflation. So judging by “real dollars” AKA purchasing power, the town *lowered* the rax rate in those years. Check it out:

FY 2020 tax increase: 1.93%, set in June 2019 based on the budget made in fall 2018. Rate of overall U.S. inflation in 2018 was 1.9%.

2019 inflation: 2.3%.  FY 2021 tax increase: 2.25%

2020 inflation: 1.4%.  FY 2022 tax increase: 1.44%

2021 inflation: 7.0%.  FY 2023 tax increase: 1.82%

2022 inflation: 6.5%.  FY 2024 tax increase: 3.35%

2023 inflation: 3.4%.  FY 2025 tax increase: 7.53%

You can form your own conclusions. But it seems to me like the town held off increasing its budget (and thus taxes), even in the face of huge inflation, for as long as it could. The biggest problem with inflation, though, is that it compounds. (You’ve seen the magic of compounding interest with investments; this is its evil twin.) Compound inflation since Covid struck has totaled about 25%. Compound, or cumulative, inflation in the town tax rate has been measurably lower than that. Cumulative inflation is the real hardship, so we should measure it. A comparison:

Cumulative inflation in economy writ large, 2018 to 2023: 24.6%

Cumulative increase in town tax rate, FY 2020 to 2025: 19.6%

In other words, including this year’s increase, the town has *lowered* our tax rates, in real (AKA inflation-adjusted) dollars, over a five year period. Of course, none of us like that an increase we *feel* happened in a year where the state also demanded more for education.

I just keep remembering that town staff, the folks we pay, have also faced 25% inflation. For those who plow our roads and otherwise maintain our collective assets, if they didn’t see their pay increased by 25% over these 5 years, they would effectively be getting pay cuts. If one of them saw exactly 25% more pay in the last five years, they would not have seen a real raise. Not for learning more, nor for contributing more to their department than they did five years earlier.

Given that we’ve bumped taxes by less than what would equal a 0% raise (in real dollars) for our folks, I’d say the town is probably “minding the store” just fine. We can always do better, and we will be. But I don’t see a cause for alarm.

Some final thoughts. I have asked the town manager whether there is a program to help folks stay in their homes if tax increases are clearly forcing them out and their hardships are serious and well-documented. That is, a more standardized program than the Board of Abatement. (Many cities maintain such programs, with clear & transparent requirements, to stave off the effects of gentrification.) If not, I think we should consider creating one. And ensuring a good batch of information on which town expenses see inflation and which don’t, come the budget-crafting time in the fall.